From Waterfalls And Large: Graded streams generally have smooth grad ents, free from waterfalls and large rapids. A important characteristic of such streams is th: they cut laterally to a greater extent than the cut downward. Thus, the presence of flood plain and flat valley floors indicates a graded condition Such quantitative information as is available in dicates that a stream is graded when the slop and the dimensions of the channel are adjusted t the amount of water and sediment passing througi the channel.
Gudbrandsdal is narrow and steep-sided along most of its length, and the Lagen River, which rushes through it, is broken by numerous rapids and waterfalls. In a few places where the valley broadens out, relatively dense agricultural settlement is found. Otherwise, habitations are krgely restricted to the valley bottom beside the national highway and main-line railroad that run between Oslo and Trondheim.
Make it a real point, however, to include these minor elements, unless the picture is a close-up portrait or a straight record. If the picture features a group of trees, a second group or other objects a little farther away will help toward balance. In picturing such subjects as waterfalls it is often a help, rather than a hindrance, to include people who may be in the field of view. They should, however, look at the scene—not at the camera—and they should be at least twenty-five feet from the camera.
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