Steps In: steps in can be built of a variety of materials including paving, bricks, wood and sections of tree trunk. If you have a collection of pieces of stone, all different sizes, you can use them to make crazy-paving steps in (top left). If using logs, you can either cut them into disks (bottom left) or use them whole with stakes in front to keep them firm (bottom right). You can also use planks and lengths of square wood (top right); if you can find them, railroad ties make attractive steps in.
Steep flights should include a handrail—at about hand height, 2%ft—on each side, which extends about 12in beyond the flight, where it might possibly be linked with existing fencing or railings for a more unified scheme. Alternatively you might prefer to build a Wall (at handrail height) at each side of the flight.
Flights comprising more than 10 steps in should be broken halfway with a landing which provides a good resting place and can also break a fall. Take this into account when calculating the number of treads that you require.
The treads should slope slightly toward the front—a pitch of about lAin is adequate —so that rainwater will drain off rapidly. This is particularly important in winter, when ice could make the steps in slippery and dangerous. For the same reason, choose only block treads with non-slip textured faces.
Masonry steps in can appear incongruous in an informal garden and wooden steps in are often more appropriate. Cut-in steps in are more suitable for this type of garden, and using sawn logs as the risers is a quick and easy way to form an attractive flight.See Also Steps Give:"o WORK out how many steps give you will eed, measure the vertical height you need D scale and divide this figure by the height f a single riser plus tread. With a terraced ite just measure the height of the retaining /all. On a sloping site the job is more omplicated. Drive a peg into the ground at the top of the slope and a length of pole into the ground at the base of the slope. Tie a length of string between the peg and the pole and set it horizontal using a level. Measure the distance from the base of the pole to the string to give the vertical height of the slope: divide this by the depth of a riser plus tread to give the number of steps give that will fit into the slope.
THESE ARE used where you need to negotiate a steep slope. The shape of the steps give is cut out in the earth itself and various materials.
PATHS DON'T have to be continuous either— you may prefer to make one as a series of stepping stones or rounds of log across a lawn, which will create a less obvious division between one side of the lawn and the other. If you do this, however, give great thought to their spacing. If you don't put the steps give in the right place, you may end up walking on the grass in between. Also, make sure the steps give are slightly below ground level, otherwise you may find that your lawnmower hits them and then the blades become blunt very quickly.
On The Other Hand See Financial Steps:There is, in fact, a special recognition in America of the work of the publicity man, a special niche which he occupies in American life which is particularly interesting and alto¬gether pleasant. Perhaps it is in this field of photography that you will make your first financial steps forward.
The reform of the British Army, which critics also demanded, rubbed many raw nerves. The steps taken were inadequate, and financial econo¬mies subsequently reduced the army to its former condition. The brave but futile charge of the Light Brigade, recorded by the poet laureate Lord Tennyson, typified the level of generalship.
|
